SmartKADASTER Phase I was a precursor to this system, and it primarily focused on applying two-dimensional (2D) spatial data for 3D spatial analysis. CityGML was used as the data model for various Levels of Detail (LoD) in this new initiative to represent city models across the Greater Kuala Lumpur region.…

Solar energy modelling is increasingly popular, important, and economic significant in solving energy crisis for big cities. It is a clean and renewable resource of energy that can be utilized to accommodate individual or group of buildings electrical power as well as for indoor heating. Implementing photovoltaic system (PV) in…

D16 algorithm is introduced by adding eight new additional flow direction options, but also provide some additional rules and equations to overcome the weaknesses of D8. This study involved the process of deriving D16 model, logical structures and constructing the best equations into a small executable program. Lastly, the comparison…