The current trends of 3D scanning technologies allow us to acquire accurate 3D data of large-scale environment efficiently. The 3D data of large-scale environments is essential when generating 3D model is for the visualization of smart cities. For the seamless visualization of 3D model, large data size will be used…

Selecting sites for wetland can utilize a geographic information system (GIS) to assist in preliminary suitability analysis, in which sets of data can be quantified and aggregated to identify highly suitable wetland sites. Lunchoo River area are polluted at several points leads to the water pollution along the river and…

Various users and applications required different abstraction details of spatial model either in vector or/and raster data types/models. Generating different model abstraction details (e.g. Level of Detail/LOD) produces various drawbacks especially for data model sharing among stakeholders or publics. Different abstraction detail or LOD means different details in geometry, semantic…

Facility Management (FM) has becoming a crucial aspect in providing better service to the client/tenant or public as well as to minimize the maintenance cost. Group of buildings bounded by a defined boundary/spatial space such as a college, university, city or even a country have to manage their assets and…